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Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
Volume 39 Issue 6 Page 401 - August 2003
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1754.2003.00178.x


Review ArticleSoy infant formula and phytoestrogens
PG Tuohy
Abstract: Soy infant formula contains high levels of the isoflavones,
genistein and daidzein, which are commonly referred to as phytoestrogens.
These are non-steroidal chemicals with structural similarities to estrogen.
Infants consuming soy formula have high levels of circulating isoflavones.
These are an order of magnitude greater than the levels of isoflavones which
have been shown to produce physiological effects in adult women consuming a
high soy diet. There is conflicting evidence about the risks and benefits of
soy phytoestrogens, with research presenting a contradictory picture. Some
reviewers suggest that early exposure to soy may prevent cancer and heart
disease. However, there is very little research on the effects of
consumption of soy phytoestrogens by human neonates. Against this generally
positive view there is an increasing number of recent reports that suggest
that in experimental animals, phytoestrogens have adverse effects with
respect to carcinogenesis, reproductive function, immune function, and
thyroid disease. Despite the absence of adequate scientific research that
quantifies the level of risk to infants, most would argue for a
precautionary approach to be taken in situations where there are potential
developmental effects from the consumption of pharmacologically active
compounds in infancy and childhood.